制度比较视角下研究型大学技术转移的优化设计     

孙自愿  许若琪  刘畅 《科技管理研究》2016,(20):72-77

从制度视角探讨西方发达国家以及我国研究型大学技术转移的相关政策和制度设计,重点分析我国在政府引导机制、转化模式以及实践经验方面与发达国家的差异,指出目前我国研究型大学技术转移率低、转化规模小的问题,并就其原因进行分析,为优化我国研究型大学技术转移模式及支撑体系提出可供参考的对策建议。  相似文献   

Conceptualising the heterogeneity of research-based spin-offs: A multi-dimensional taxonomy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philippe Mustar  Marie Renault  Evila Piva  Andy Lockett  Bart Clarysse  Nathalie Moray 《Research Policy》2006,35(2):289-308

Research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) have become an important aspect of the technology transfer process. Emanating from what is conventionally a non-commercial environment, RBSOs pose major challenges if they are to realise their potential to meet the objectives of their founders and the parent research organisations (PROs) from which they emerge. An important issue is to understand the heterogeneity of RBSOs. This paper reviews the literature on RBSO typologies to develop a taxonomy of RBSOs. We identify common themes in relation to these typologies in relation to (1) spin-off creation and (2) spin-off development. The dimensions that differentiate between firms are the type of resources, the business model and the institutional link. We identify gaps in current typologies in order to propose avenues for future conceptual and empirical research.  相似文献   

The expanding role of university patenting in the life sciences: assessing the importance of experience and connectivity     

Jason Owen-Smith 《Research Policy》2003,32(9):1695-1711

We extend debates about the sources of university capabilities at research commercialization. Drawing upon quantitative data for a panel of 89 research-intensive US universities and interview data from two academic licensing offices, we model the relationship between technology transfer experience, embeddedness in biotechnology industry networks, basic science quality and capacity, and citation impact measures of university life science patents. Technology licensing officers draw upon the expertise of corporate partners to evaluate the potential impact of invention disclosures. The information gleaned through network ties to industry enables well-connected institutions to develop higher impact patent portfolios. Reaping the benefits of such connections, however, requires experience in balancing academic and corporate priorities to avoid the danger of ‘capture’ by industrial interests as overly tight connections limit patent impact. This pattern of diminishing returns to connectivity is robust across multiple citation measures of patent quality.  相似文献   

Impact of the length of relationships upon the use of research institutes by SMEs     

Hiro Izushi 《Research Policy》2003,32(5):771-788

Recent studies of US industrial modernisation programmes argue that difficulties of establishing long-term relationships with users prevent them from facilitating development of innovation capabilities. The paper supports this argument through a survey of Japanese research institutes the US programmes were modelled on. In view of information asymmetries in their use, it tests the hypothesis that small and medium-sized firms start using the research institutes with ‘low information gap’ services and gradually move on to ‘high information gap’ services that often require more absorptive capacity. This is demonstrated both under one-to-one relationships and between groups of firms and a research institute.  相似文献   

我国化学领域青年科技人才论文产出分析——以前5批青年千人为例     

王甲旬  邱均平 《现代情报》2019,39(2):8-16

[目的/意义]目前，高层次人才引进已经成为我国提升科研实力的重要举措，考察人才引进后的论文产出情况，有助于掌握人才计划的实施效果。[方法/过程]文章通过Web of Science数据库下载题录信息，借助Bibexcel、CiteSpace和VOSViewer软件对前5批化学领域青年千人引进后发表论文的数量、结构、影响力、合作网络和基金支持情况进行分析。[结果/结论]研究发现，青年千人发表论文总数呈逐年上升趋势，论文平均被引高于化学领域国内和国际平均水平；存在若干已经形成规模的作者合作网络和机构合作网络，机构合作以国内机构合作为主；通过软件分析，青年千人研究的内容可以分为5个主要类别，分别是化学生物学、有机合成化学、新化学能源研究、高分子化学与物理、无机纳米材料；论文获得基金资助的水平高于全国论文项目资助的平均水平。研究提出通过建立合作网络、扩大合作网络规模，增加高影响力期刊发文数量，加强国际合作发表论文等建议提高中国化学研究的国际竞争力。  相似文献   

科技和产业对接与集群企业竞争力——基于绍兴市的调查与分析     

陆立军  于斌斌 《研究与发展管理》2011,23(1):99-103

集群企业竞争力的提升,不仅与R&D的投入水平、产业集聚程度等因素有关,还取决于科技和产业的有效对接.基于浙江省绍兴市14 262份问卷的调查与分析,运用SPSS16.0统计软件,实证研究了科技和产业对接对集群企业竞争力的影响及其程度,并提出了若干政策建议.  相似文献   

西藏高原生态系统研究的进展与展望     

张宪洲  石培礼  钟志明 《资源科学》2003,25(5):89-95

概要介绍了中国科学院拉萨高原生态试验站建站10年的定位观测和试验研究进展。拉萨站科研人员通过对以高原农田为主的生态系统长期定位监测和试验研究，在高原环境背景特征、能量传输和能量平衡、生态系统结构和生产力的形成、作物光合生理生态以及碳循环过程研究等方面进行了深入的研究，并以生态学理论为指导，在作物和牧草品种引种筛选和模式建立、人工草地建设和利用、蔬菜栽培和农业产业结构调整等方面为地方农牧业发展做出了贡献。  相似文献   

When Cyberresearch Goes Awry: The Ethics of the Rimm "Cyberporn" Study     

Jim Thomas 《The Information Society》1996,12(2):189-198

Like most things that we take for granted, we rarely pay attention to ethical issues in research until something goes horribly wrong. Focusing on a recent cyberresearch project gone awry, this essay illustrates why ethical issues should be continually confronted and discussed by scholars and nonscholars alike.  相似文献   

Endogenous technical advance and the stochastic trend in output: A neoclassical approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gordon Reikard   《Research Policy》2005,34(10):1476-1490

In the recent endogenous growth literature, the trend in output is stochastic, while investment in scientific knowledge is treated as analogous to a capital stock. This paper models both research and development (R&D) and disembodied technical advance using neo-classical equations, which specify the equilibrium stocks as a function of prices and output. The elasticity of R&D in the production function, estimated using factor shares, is time-varying and increasing. Returns to scale are increasing in all factors. The most important aspect of the model is that the equilibrium rate of technical advance is not cyclically invariant, but co-moves with output at business cycle frequencies. This allows the production function to behave as a stochastic trend. Growth accounting demonstrates that long-term variations in the rate of productivity growth have been associated mainly with low-frequency fluctuations in the rate of disembodied technical advance, with secondary effects from the stocks of R&D and physical capital. During the high productivity period 1948–1972, technical advance contributed 1.48 percentage points per year to output, with 0.98 accounted for by R&D. The productivity slowdown of the mid-1970s was accounted by a gradual decline in the effect of R&D, and a more abrupt collapse in disembodied technology. The subsequent productivity revival was associated with two accelerations in disembodied technical advance, the first beginning in the early 1980s, and the second in the mid-1990s. The production function is simulated in a small econometric model. Model simulations find that exogenous shocks to the inflation rate generate significant variations in growth by inducing fluctuations in disembodied technology.  相似文献   

企业文化创新与企业核心竞争力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭庆然 《技术与创新管理》2006,27(3):72-74

21世纪企业之间的竞争,根本上是企业文化的竞争。随着知识经济的发展,创新企业文化对企业核心竞争力的提升将发挥越来越重要的作用。中国企业进入了新的发展阶段,需要企业文化再上新台阶与之匹配。企业文化的创新与发展是一个逐步探索、逐步深入的系统工程,面对加入世界竞争带来的机遇和挑战,我国企业也应审时度势,调整自身行为,重视企业文化建设。从基于企业文化创新力的“合力”入手,阐述了文化创新对企业核心竞争力的作用,旨在通过促进企业文化创新,提升企业的核心竞争力。  相似文献